This Stock Illustration, whose title is Bonobo or chimpanzee. Chimpanzees and all other nonhuman primates have only the working version in other words, they’re on the powerful, “sprinter” end of the spectrum. Hand drawn engraved sketch in woodcut style. In captivity, chimpanzees can point to food locations outside their reach 39, 40, 41, and some language-trained apes are more likely to use their index finger than whole hand to point, indicating. Then experience encounters with animals in our Walk-Thru. People with two working versions of this gene are overrepresented among elite sprinters while those with the nonworking version are overrepresented among endurance runners. In the Museum of Prehistoric Life, see and interact with life-size examples of animals from the past. The exceptions are the spider monkeys and the so-called woolly spider monkey of South America and the colobus monkeys of Africa, which have lost or reduced the thumb. (Puny jaws have marked our lineage for as least 2 million years.) Many people have also lost another muscle-related gene called ACTN3. With three exceptions, all primates have retained five digits on hand and foot. One gene, for example, called MYH16, contributes to the development of large jaw muscles in other apes. The most ancient hominid fossils closely resemble chimpanzees, who are genetically our nearest relatives ( Sibley, 1992 Ruvolo, 1997 ). HAND SIZE The tarsier also became known as the smallest of all (known) primates living on planet earth, and their hands size is accordingly the smallest of all in terms of absolute proportions. In the past few years, geneticists have identified the loci for some of these anatomical differences. The chimpanzee hand will be taken as a model for the hand of the hominid ancestor. A chimpanzee’s skeletal muscle has longer fibers than the human equivalent and can generate twice the work output over a wider range of motion. But a more important factor seems to be the structure of the muscles themselves. We have a relatively long thumb and shorter fingers, which allows us to touch our thumbs to any point along our fingers and thus easily grasp objects. How did we get to be the weaklings of the primate order? Our overall body architecture makes a difference: Even though chimpanzees weigh less than humans, more of their mass is concentrated in their powerful arms. Humans and chimps diverged from a common ancestor perhaps about 7 million years ago, and their hands now look very different. But it is a fact that chimpanzees and other apes are stronger than humans. So the figures quoted by primate experts are a little exaggerated.
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